Saturday, January 18, 2020
Bilingual Person Essay
Decades ago, being bilingual was an aspect of an individual that made them stand out from the others and be different. What if I tell you that in this modern society, being bilingual is just being one of the many thousands? A bilingual person is one who has the knowledge or intelligence of knowing two or more languages. However, there are different levels and stages of bilingualism. There is individual bilingualism which is when a person knows his/her mother tongue and another language that is used in society, as well as elective bilingualism which is a person who chooses to learn a new language. There also is circumstantial bilingualism which describes a person that learns another language in order to survive, and many others. Even though, bilingualism has a variety of degrees and aspects; it simply describes those persons who can speak two or more languages. In todayââ¬â¢s society, bilingualism is being misunderstood since people think that a person who is bilingual is a rare phenomenon. In fact, studies have shown that more than half of the worldââ¬â¢s population is currently bilingual. For example, I am currently living in Venezuela (Spanish speaking country) from which I am now blogging in English. Nevertheless, this doesnââ¬â¢t mean that being bilingual isnââ¬â¢t a quality that people have acquired, in my point of view, I call it a gift. An interesting fact of bilingualism is that it is currently found in all parts of the world and it isnââ¬â¢t stereotypical of any culture or society. In fact, bilingualism can be found at all levels of ethnic groups or society and in all age groups. Being a bilingual myself, I can speak from personal experience that becoming bilingual isnââ¬â¢t the hardest barrier that one will have to cross through life. It is indeed a smooth ride to another culture and dialect that will be helpful whenever it isnââ¬â¢t expected. Bilingualism doesnââ¬â¢t make you stand out. However, you feel excited and confident just like a little boy with a new toy to be able to communicate with several people from different parts of the world. It makes you feel intelligent and important. I believe that those people who are bilingual are more confident and secure of themselves when they have to travel to an unknown place. This is because those who are bilingual have the ability to defend themselves in different languages which one could speak in that unknown place. For those people who are bilingual and feel alienated because of their insufficient language ability, you must re-establish that thought and raise your confidence. I have had the opportunity to travel to many different places in the world. This has allowed me to utilize my quality to the world and thus aiding myself in various scenarios. I have used my English skills to communicate in France, England, China my Spanish in Angola, United States and even in Italy. The point is that in todayââ¬â¢s society bilinguals are being misinterpreted due to their lack of confidence. That quality of being bilingual is being lost throughout the years due to peopleââ¬â¢s negative characteristics and personalities such as discrimination. There is a phenomenon known as code-switching which bilinguals tend to suffer from. I find very interesting how some bilinguals are often code-switching from one language to another. Code-switching is a verbal skill that requires an extensive degree of linguistic competence in more than one language, rather than a defect arising from insufficient knowledge of one or the other. Even though code-switching goes beyond that imperfection of linguistic competence and inadequate knowledge, it is commonly used in that sense. I have been several times in those situations that I have had to use another language in order to express myself. As stated before, this is caused because of the insufficient knowledge of one language. I clearly remember this instance I code-switched in France. I was at a restaurant, and I wanted to ask the waitress what was the meaning of a word in the menu but my English just didnââ¬â¢t come out. I remember I started speaking in Spanish then I switched to Portuguese until I finally spoke in English and found out what I needed to know about the menu. It was a very embarrassing moment that I will always remember. However, I did feel embarrassed but, luckily I am a bilingual and I was able to go through this experience. You consider yourself one of the other millions or billions? Donââ¬â¢t, you must be proud of what you know and of what you have improved throughout the years. Yes, you are a well-rounded bilingual! If you feel indifferent or just one more in the world, imagine what those people who arenââ¬â¢t bilingual think of their selves. Are they chipmunks? Are they cannibals? No, they are normal people that unfortunately donââ¬â¢t have the extraordinary quality that you have which is being bilingual. In other words bilingualism is a gift, a personal enrichment and a passport to other cultures. One never regrets knowing several languages but one can certainly regret not knowing enough. That is why if you have struggled or worked your way in order to learn a new language, be proud of yourself and embrace the world with your quality.
Friday, January 10, 2020
Can Yahoo Still Attract Tech Workers? Essay
Introduction An American multinational Internet corporation known as Yahoo! Inc. is one of the most well known Internet sites out there. Yahoo is always expanding and seeking out and recruiting for high tech software experts to help this business grow. Any high tech job should come with competitive salary as for Yahoo! They have to work long hours to achive their goals. Yahoo! Employees work hard but, play hard as well. Review/Analysis of the Case Yahoo! Attracts over 700 million visitors a month. Now thatââ¬â¢s a lot for a company that has been around since 1994. They may have 14,000 employees but, they work them so hard that some leave for better paying opertunities. Yahoo is part of the old Internet with Google being the new age. Their supply an demand is very low. Meaning they have more work then workers. Their workers keep leaving. Some of the best top employees have even left due to wanting to go to the new age internet. Yahoo need to strengthen it communications internaly. According to an article written by Bridgettte Redman on the Chron site she states, ââ¬Å"Internal recruitment works only if employees have access to the information about opportunities. Multiple communication channels ensures that more employees will have access to the information.â⬠(http://smallbusiness.chron.com/effective-hr-approach-internal-recruitment-25095.html) Developing plans and goals for each one of their employees can keep them on track and to keep them motivated in what they are doing. They can also do semi annual and annual performance reviews to establish what they need to work harder on and what their new goals/ achevments are. Recruitment is probably one of the most important for Yahoo!. If they donââ¬â¢tà have the right type of people then they will now be able to keep them. They first need to look at well known Technology Colleges and then look into some of the most brightest, and talented students on each campus. ââ¬Å"Using the talent management system, Intercontinental is filling 84% of general manager positions and 26% of corporate jobs with current employees. The initiative has lowered recruiting costs, increased employee loyalty, and boosted productivity and profitability. ââ¬Å"(Gerhart, B., Hollenbeck, J., Noe, R., & Wright, P. (2009). Lookin for the right canadit with the right skills and degree you are looking for usualy have already developed the desired commitment that the recruiter is looking for with the exception customer service skills needed. Most colleges and universities like Kaplan has placement services to help graduate to find their desired jobs. Putting the information in wi th them with help a recruiter to also scan candiates and expand Yahoo into the new age and out of the old internet world. Summary and Conclusions Yahoo had good employees that left for other companies despite their great talent and how good yahoo was because of their lack of excitement and no creativity. Hence, the other companies had better talent and much more to offer. Yahoo should most definitely recruit people from the top best engineering schools in order to expand the organization of yahoo. They should also keep all the employees on their toes and push them to go futher and stronger with compensation for their time, hard work and dedication. References Gerhart, B., Hollenbeck, J., Noe, R., & Wright, P. (2009). Fundamentals of human resource management (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Bridgette Redman, Deman Media. Chron. (NA) http://smallbusiness.chron.com/effective-hr-approach-internal-recruitment-25095.html
Thursday, January 2, 2020
Diabetes And How A Person With This Condition s...
Iah Noceja AADS 205 12/3/15 Introduction In my paper, I am going to focus on Type 2 Diabetes and how a person with this conditionââ¬â¢s experience has affected her daily life. About the Disability Cause: Experts say diabetes is partly genetic and at least partly behavioral. Obesity and lack of exercise are key risk factors for the most common form. Many people think that diabetes results from eating too many sweets, but the truth is more complex. Type 2 diabetes -- also known as adult-onset diabetes -- is characterized by ââ¬Å"insulin resistance,â⬠or an inability of the cells to use insulin, sometimes accompanied by a deficiency in insulin production. Two other rapidly growing segments of the population -- minority groups and the elderly -- are also at greater risk of developing diabetes. The disease results in the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, eliminating the bodyââ¬â¢s ability to produce insulin. The increased incidence of dia-betes may be related to the lack of health-promoting behaviors, such as inadequate physical exercise and not maintaining a balanced diet. Family history, obesity, unhealthy diet, ethnicity, race, age, and inactivity are considered risk factors for the development of T2DM. Prevalence: Approximately 26 million, or 8.3 %, of US children and adults have type 1 diabetes (T1DM) or T2DM, with the great majority having T2DM, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Worldwide, 347 million people have diabetes, with prevalence rates of 9.8 % inShow MoreRelatedThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1172 Words à |à 5 PagesLearning about Alzheimerââ¬â¢s can help families understand how Alzheimerââ¬â¢s is more than just memory loss, it is an incurable mental disease. Dementia is an umbrella term used to describe a group of diseases that may cause the brain to fail. The most common one is Alzheimerââ¬â¢s followed closely behind by Parkinsonââ¬â¢s. Alzheimerââ¬â¢s was discovered in 1906 by Dr. Alois Alzheimer, who discovered changes in the brain of a woman who died of an unusual mental. Her symptoms included memory loss, language problems, andRead MoreEvaluation Of A School Nursing1713 Words à |à 7 PagesAnnââ¬â¢s perspective on the workload issue is that it is terrible. When a school nurse works on her own within a large school population, it becomes overwhelming. As indicated by nurse Ann, every other staff member has assistance but the nurse is left without help (personal communication, Mar. 9, 2017). The nurse is looked as less compared to others in the school, ignoring the fact that the school nurse has high workload. When thereââ¬â¢s a crisis, people end up wanting to help but when there isnââ¬â¢t, theRead MoreA Bio Soc ial Spiritual Lens1333 Words à |à 6 Pagesbegins Most of the craziness in this world-violence, addictions and frenetic activity comes from running away from pain. Disguising a person s name (if you use one) and applying the value of confidentiality, discuss some of your observations at your field placement of people (or perhaps even staff or the organization as a whole) in pain. Using a person in environment perspective and a bio-psycho-social-spiritual lens, discuss your findings. (Hint: use this question to get ready to informallyRead MoreHealth Of Health And Wellness1839 Words à |à 8 Pagesto activities, the scopes of health and wellness, the factors that influence health and wellness in relation to sport, and how to acquire health and wellness and its importance. So I learned in this health class is about eating healthy and eating nutrition food like chicken and white rice great organic food ect .For example Heath and wellness are key components in my life. To me, so I m talk about me first then my family and so no health issues such as, illness, sickness or injury. Wellness isRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1443 Words à |à 6 Pagesperformance in their everyday life but to their physical health. According to Hoeksema (2014) eating disorders can be characterized in three ways which include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Anorexia nervosa can be further broken down into two types which are anorexia nervosa restricting type, and anorexia nervosa binge/purge type. Eating disorders if approached early enough can be reversed with no damage or very minimal damage to the person. One characteristic of anRead MoreDiabetes Type II : Symptoms, Risk Factors, And Treatments3675 Words à |à 15 PagesRunning Head: Diabetes Type II Diabetes Type II: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Treatments Introduction There are three types of diabetes: type 1diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. All three are chronic conditions that affect how the body uses blood glucose or blood sugar. The body needs glucose because it is an important source of energy for the cells that make up an individual s muscles and tissues Individuals with diabetes have too much glucose in theirRead MoreTransforming Nursing And Health Care1702 Words à |à 7 Pagestheoretical framework should consider the practice/application domain;the implementation of nursing informatics in real healthcare settings.Recently,it was suggested that the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom (DIKW) framework has a high potential to address these challenges and this framework was adopted by the American Nurses Association (American Nurses Association,2008;Matney,Brewster,Sward,CloyesStaggers,2011). Historically,the development of the DIKW framework was urged by a search for a new theoreticalRead MoreThe Effects of Juvenile Diabetes on Children9802 Words à |à 40 PagesTHE EFFECTS OF JUVENILE DIABETES IN CHILDREN Submitted by Jonah de Vera Johanna Marie Nicolas Business Department Assumption College San Lorenzo Village, Makati March 6, 2008 I. Introduction à à à à à à à Diabetes was known way back by physicians of Ancient Greece and named as such and means ââ¬Å"siphonâ⬠in Greek and was not as spectacular as it is now. à à à à à à à Doctors and scientists think diabetes may be caused by viruses, genetics and environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exerciseRead MoreChildren With Special Needs Children1634 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"She looks so normalâ⬠, this is a typical response that a mother often hears about her child with special needs. ââ¬Å"Specialâ⬠is a term that is described as ââ¬Å"differentâ⬠. Some people may look at a child with special needs and feel sympathy while others lack the knowledge. For my child development class, I was assigned to conduct an interview with a mother who has a special needs child. I was one of the many that lack knowledge of special needs children because I did not know what this mother had to face.Read MoreCaring for People with Additional Needs11935 Words à |à 48 Pagesdo this by researching a range of sources to get in dept information. Then I will provide an explanation with great content of the effects on peop le who are in need of these services due to their additional needs. Finally, I intend to record in depth and show understanding of each stage of the care management process and evaluate how it is used to access, plan, implement, monitor and review individual care plans. Definition of disability ââ¬Å"A physical or mental impairment, which has a substantial
Wednesday, December 25, 2019
Obamacare The Great Debate - 1404 Words
Obamacare: The Great Debate The Obama Presidency is known for many things: two wars, economy crashes, government shutdowns and, yes, the infamous Obamacare. Throughout the last six years, President Obamaââ¬â¢s agenda was set towards passing a major healthcare reform bill: The Patient Protection and Affordable Healthcare Act (ACA), more commonly known as Obamacare. Passed on March 23, 2010 under considerable opposition, ACA is widely considered to be the landmark achievement of Obamaââ¬â¢s presidency, and his hopeful legacy for historians long afterward. The law has since survived multiple challenges regarding its legality, but its impact on the intended (original) goal of reducing medical costs is still unclear. Affordable healthcare for allâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Its size and complexity makes it is very difficult to implement and even more difficult to understand. Even Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), Speaker of the House, echoed this air of uncertainty while advocating for passage of the bill in 2010 whe n stating ââ¬Å"But we have to pass the bill to learn what is in it.â⬠Once the bill became law, arguments arose when discussion began on the specific details, regulations, and strategy for implementation. There are endless angles to approach this law, each with a mix of fact, bias, and prediction. Most viewpoints agree with the primary goal of Obamacare, to make healthcare affordable for everyone, but differ on the balance between the roles that government and private insurance companies should play in the solution. All the ifs, ands, or buts can cause chaos, as nothing of this size has ever been passed before. No matter the opinion or bias, it all comes down to the age-old battle over power and money. SUBSIDIES Obamacare, in its original form, was intended to function primarily at a state level. The deal was that each state would set up an online exchange where US citizens could log in to their stateââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"exchangeâ⬠to select a government-sanctioned healthcare insurance plan that was right as well as affordable. The Federal government raised taxes and worked Obamacare into its budget, figuring to disperse money to the states for funding of the program; this money is called a subsidy. The subsidies would be sent to the
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
Guilt in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay examples
Everyone deals with guilt at least one time throughout their life, and several authors use guilt to help build up suspense in their story. Guilt in Macbeth not only affects his mental state of mind, but it also destroys him physically, along with a few other characters such as Lady Macbeth. The characters are affected by guilt so much, that it actually leads to their death essentially, just because they were not able to handle the consequences for the events that occurred. Despite being destroyed by guilt, they were still forced to carry on with their lives and they did have to try to hide it, even though Macbeth was not doing so well with that. His hallucinations were giving him up and eventually everyone knew the he had murdered Duncanâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦After the murder of Duncan, he delivers the bloody daggers to Lady Macbeth which in a way surprises her, and she ends up leaving them next to the guards, which makes it look like they were responsible for the murder of t he loyal king Duncan. Throughout the play, Lady Macbeth begins going crazy, constantly crying about the ââ¬Å"bloodâ⬠on her hands that will not come off. The blood symbolizes the guilt that she is encountering because she cannot clean her soul of what she has done, and even the doctor doesnt understand what is going on with her, they just think she is crazy. A few acts later it gets to the point where she eventually commits suicide, just because she was unable to deal with the guilt. (The Theme of Guilt). Several quotes throughout this play can help relate to the destruction that guilt causes. ââ¬Å"Out, damned spot! Out, I say! ââ¬â One: two: why, then, tis time to dot, ââ¬â Hell is murky! ââ¬â Fie, my lord, fie! A soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account? ââ¬â Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him?â⬠(Macbeth, act 5 scene 1). This quote is showing Lady Macbeth being e ntrapped by the guilt of the murder, which causes her to sleep walk and talk about it in a sort of dull way every night. ââ¬Å"But screw your courage to the sticking place, And well not fail.â⬠(Lady Macbeth, act 1 scene 7). Another quote by Lady Macbeth when she wanted Macbeth to continue onShow MoreRelatedThe Destruction of Guilt in Macbeth by William Shakespeare1168 Words à |à 5 PagesDestruction of Guilt In William Shakespeares play Macbeth he uses many forms of imagery, he uses this imagery to outline major themes in the book. The imagery used in the play Macbeth makes the audience immediately captivated and helps the audience connect to the characters in the play. Two major themes will be outlined in this essay and those themes will be supported and outlined by three motifs: ambition/greed, fate and hallucinations. A profound theme throughout the book Macbeth is the underlyingRead MoreFear, Guilt, and Regret in Macbeth by William Shakespeare678 Words à |à 3 PagesIn William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Macbeth the reader watches as Macbeth changes gradually as the play endures. He are transforms from a loyal person with a loving and loyal disposition with other people, into a tyrants who are willing to kill in order to keep himself on the throne. He is tormented with fear, regret, and guilt. When someone does something they know is wrong it causes them to fall prey to their own emotions. After Duncanââ¬â¢s death you are able to see how the characters involved in the murderRead MoreGuilt in Lady Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay544 Words à |à 3 Pagescurrently take care of. Itââ¬â¢s a lot like in the tragedy play of Macbeth. There was so much pressure to always be something more. If a right hand man of the king wasnââ¬â¢t good enough, then he had to be king himself. Macbethââ¬â¢s pressure for greater power ultimately leads back to his wife, Lady Macbeth. What she personally wanted, more power, she pressed upon Macbeth, even though that was not his ultimate goal. Lady Macbeth used guilt, to tell Macbeth he is not man enough to murder King Duncan. Her remorsefulRead MoreThe Ultimate Downfall of Macbeth Due to Guilt 842 Words à |à 3 PagesIn the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, Macbethââ¬â¢s ultimate downfall is due to the guilt he feels over everything he has done. The motif of supernatural forces, specifically the hallucinations and lack of sleep that Macbeth experiences, project the force of the guilt that eventually causes Macbethââ¬â¢s destruction. Shakespeare uses the motif of supernatural forces to express how the force of the guilt Macbeth feels eventually leads to his final demolition in the play Macbeth. The recurring supernaturalRead MoreTheme Of Blood Imagery In Macbeth872 Words à |à 4 Pages MACBETHââ¬â¢S FALL INTO EVIL Shakespeare uses imagery to show Macbethââ¬â¢s fall into evil. Darkness is invariably associated with evil and to a certain extent deception. William Shakespeare employs the imagery of darkness throughout his play of Macbeth. He uses dark images often to describe instruments of disorder and the evils which characters portray. Macbeth is a tragedy that was written by Shakespeare in the Elizabethan Era. In Elizabethan England night air was said to be impure and rheumy and itRead More Shakespeares Macbeth - Creating Sympathy for Macbeth Essay example804 Words à |à 4 PagesCreating Sympathy for Macbethà à à à à The dark aura surrounding Shakespeares Macbeth is well deserved, as is the darkness shrouding its title character. Although Macbeth is certainly a villainous, evil man based solely on his actions, a fuller examination of his characters portrayal leads to a more sympathetic view of him. The play does not portray Macbeth simply as a cold-blooded murderer, but rather as a tortured soul attempting to deal with the atrocities surrounding him. à BeforeRead MoreThe Blood Motif Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare786 Words à |à 4 PagesMacbeth Essay William Shakespeare dramatic play has many suitable examples of imagery, mainly the imagery of blood. The imagery of blood is very important in this play because it symbolizes guilt. Macbeth got too greedy and wanted more power, which led him to murder innocent people in order for him to keep his throne. In The Tragedy of Macbeth, William Shakespeare utilizes the blood motif to demonstrate the continuous feelings of guilt felt by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and to distinguish the changesRead MoreEssay on Use of Blood in Shakespeares Macbeth943 Words à |à 4 PagesUse of Blood in Macbethà à à à à à à In the play ââ¬ËMacbethââ¬â¢, Shakespeare uses brutal imagery, with association of blood.à The mood of disgust and horror towards the characters and setting is established by the references to the universal representation of death and pain. The first mention of blood seems to establish a sense of honor. The second mention of blood seems to communicate betrayal.à Lastly the third allusion of blood appears to establish a sense of guilt All of these images of blood helpRead MoreEssay on The Pent-up Guilt in Macbeth1720 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Pent-up Guilt in Macbeth à à à à There is hardly any emotion in William Shakespeares tragedy Macbeth that outweighs that of guilt. Both Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are seriously compromised by the impact of this emotion. à Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare explain how guilt impacts Lady Macbeth: à Having sustained her weaker husband, her own strength gives way; and in sleep, when her will cannot control her thoughts, she is piteouslyRead MoreWomens Role in Macbeth and Antigone Essay1563 Words à |à 7 Pagesroles, showing the power within women. William Shakespeare and Sophocles use guilt, pride, and influence to demonstrate the importance of the womenââ¬â¢s role to support the main characters in both the plays of Macbeth and Antigone. In Macbeth and Antigone the authors created guilt for the women to use against the main characters for their advantage. Macbeth exploits Lady Macbeth to balance Macbeth in the play; many say that Lady Macbeth put guilt on Macbeth into killing for the throne; others disagree
Monday, December 9, 2019
Pricing Channels free essay sample
The classroom environment will be very interactive, so prepare to get involved. Students come from a variety of backgrounds with a large and diverse base of knowledge and experience. Therefore, the primary role of the professor will be to facilitate discussions that bring out pertinent issues and o better frame the analyses of these issues. Required materials Case Packet: The case packet is available through www. Study. Net. Instructions to get materials from study-net are included in the last page of this syllabus, before the course schedule.Pricing Simulation Universal Rental Car Harvard Business School: Sign up instructions will be provided to you in early October. It will cost $12. 50. There will be a practice round available from Novo. 4-9. The official round will run from Novo. 10-15. Other Readings: A number of readings for this class are available in full text (usually PDF) from Business Source Complete. For these articles, go to http:// www. It works best if you put the title of the article in quotes. If you get a yellow box that says Find it at UT, click on the box and follow the links that have full text. Other Materials: Other materials, such as study questions for case studies, grading sheets, and lecture slides are available on Blackboard. Paperless Assignments: All assignments are to be submitted electronically rather than in hard copy and no later than 5 minutes prior to the start of class. Please send them directly to Dr. Mackie through Outlook as e-mail attachments using the following file name convention on the attachments themselves: File Name Convention [Class time]_[Your Last Name and First Initial_[Assignment name] Example: 930_SmithJ_Problem Set Example: 930_SmithJ_Brief_Case name Example: 930_TeamName_RtM Assignment Grading Blind Grading: MBA-student teaching assistants do the first round of grading on many assignments. Therefore all papers in this course are blind graded. Therefore: (a) Please do not submit assignments directly to the TA; and (b) Place your name *only* in the file name of the attachment.
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Tuesday, February 15, 2000 Essays - Misconduct, Academic Dishonesty
Tuesday, February 15, 2000 Focus on Ethics Can Curb Cheating, Colleges Find Behavior: Academic dishonesty is rampant, but students will respond to higher standards of integrity, a study shows. By KENNETH R. WEISS, Times Education Writer Copyright 2000 Los Angeles Times DAVIS, Calif.--Grappling for ways to halt the spread of plagiarism and other cheating in college, professors often get stuck on the idea that it's too late to change students' behavior by the time they reach college. But a growing number of campuses, backed by new research, are out to prove otherwise. Student behavior is affected by the communities we build, said Gary Pavela, the University of Maryland's director of judicial programs and student ethical conduct. Students cheat in high school in part because the think everyone else does. But students can change their ways if colleges clearly demand honesty, engage students in ethical issues and put them in charge of enforcement, said Pavela and his colleagues at such schools as UC Davis and Kansas State University, which are in the vanguard of a new movement to change the academic culture. A new large-scale study suggests they may be right. Although a startling 68% of college students admitted in an anonymous survey last fall that they engaged in some form of serious cheating, self-reported cheating was 10 percentage points lower on campuses that simply make a big fuss about academic integrity. The rates dipped even lower at colleges with formal honor codes. The survey results, which are to be released this week, are the first indication that anti-cheating campaigns are making inroads at the large public universities where many professors fear a spreading epidemic of academic dishonesty. The results directly challenge the broad view that a kid's ethical views at age 17 or 18 are set by their parents for good or ill, Pavela said. Administrators and student leaders have cribbed ideas from smaller colleges with traditional honor codes and modified them to work on large campuses. At UC Davis, the topic of academic integrity is everywhere, brought up by the students themselves. As final exams approach each term, students give their peers free cards stamped, Honesty is the only policy, and free No. 2 pencils with the inscription: Fill in your own bubble or be in trouble. Older students do skits to show incoming freshmen what can happen if they violate the code of academic conduct. Professors and their teaching assistants regularly turn in undergraduates for the smallest of infractions. In case students somehow miss the point, every Wednesday the campus newspaper's judicial report reveals all the embarrassing details--except for names--of what one sophomore calls a parade of unbelievably stupid acts of plagiarism, improper collaboration and wandering eyes. All this attention on cheating seems to make a difference. I would never want to cheat here--it's just too scary, said Tina Valenzuela, a UC Davis senior who wants to go to veterinary school. Just the fact that if you get caught, you'd read about it in the paper. At UC Davis, only 31% of students reported that they got the questions or answers from someone else who had already taken a test before they did--one of the most common forms of cheating. By comparison, on campuses that place less emphasis on academic integrity or ignore the issue altogether, 54% of students reported getting questions or answers. A skeptic might ask if students at schools with honor codes are simply less likely to admit--even anonymously--that they have violated the rules. Donald L. McCabe, the Rutgers University management professor who conducted the newest study, part of a decade of research on the subject of cheating, thinks not. Lower cheating rates at honor code schools are validated by surveys of faculty and by students who have attended both kinds of institutions, McCabe said. McCabe's latest survey, which last fall collected the responses of 2,100 students and 1,000 faculty members at 21 campuses across the country, showed that: * Nationwide, most forms of cheating remain at or near record levels. * Men admit to more cheating than women, fraternity and sorority members more than nonmembers; students with lower grade-point averages say they cheat more than those with high GPAs. * Students pursuing degrees in journalism and communications, business and engineering reported cheating more than those in the sciences, social sciences or humanities. * Only 9.7% of students reported plagiarizing a paper in
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