Things Fall Apart (Janie essays

Things Fall Apart (Janie articles Janie saw her life like an extraordinary tree in leaf with the things endured, things appreciated, things done and fixed. Sunrise and fate was in the branches. For the duration of the life of Zora Neale Hurston, she has achieved all that a lady in her time could accomplish. She has been a top of the line creator, and she has set a motivation for ladies of any age today. From the 1930s to the 1960s, she distributed seven books, many short stories, magazine articles, and plays and was known as a remarkable folklorist and author just as being the most productive dark lady in America. She survived a period of neediness and harsh occasions for individuals of color however she didnt see anything amiss with being dark. She felt that her obscurity was unique to such an extent that others could profit just from being around her. Her works were viewed as declarations of womanhood and shared positive parts of dark life. In her most well known story, Their Eyes Where Watching God, she portrays Janie Crawford, a 40+ year elderly person who reveals to her life to her companion Phoebe Watson. In Their Eyes Where Watching God, Janie is attempting to discov er love however she doesn't have the foggiest idea about the right places to search for affection. Her initial two endeavors at affection, one that was constrained and the other that was not equivalent toward the beginning, however at long last third chance for the win beguile as she love. Zora Neale Hurston life fills a lot of need in the story and by perusing Their Eyes Where Watching God, the peruser won't just appreciate the tale of a lady life from the opposite side of the skyline yet additionally some close to home data about the creator. (Their Eyes Were Watching God, University of Illinois Press, 1937) In my report I will clarify why Zora Neale Hurston is a motivation and fills in as a model for Janie and discussion on the numerous similitudes and challenges between Janie Crawford and Zora Neale Hurston in Their Eyes Where Watching God. Before Zora Neale Hurston began to compose, she was conceived on a little homestead in Eatonvil... <!

Advances In Medical Technology Essays - Euthanasia,

Advances In Medical Technology Advances in clinical innovation have done a lot to deliver inexplicable fixes and recuperations. In certain conditions be that as it may, these advances have made issues for the older. Increasingly forceful innovation approaches are utilized to broaden the life of the old. Overall the old, just as others, welcome that improvement - regardless of whether they dread a portion of its outcomes. With these advances it has gotten conceivable to save individuals in a vegetative state for practically boundless timeframes. In addition, there are circumstances in which neither the patient nor the family can finish such troubled conditions. Hence, advance mandates are getting progressively predominant. Advance orders resemble living wills. They are archives that an individual can finish to guarantee that medicinal services decisions are regarded. A development order possibly becomes an integral factor if an individual can't impart wishes on the grounds that the individual is for all time oblivious or intellectually debilitated. A 1991 law called The Patient Self Determination Act (PSDA) requires emergency clinics and nursing homes to enlighten patients concerning their entitlement to deny clinical treatment. Individuals can place anything in their development orders. A few people list each clinical mediation they don't need, while others need to clarify their solicitation for courageous measures at any expense. It is an approach to illuminate individual wishes. Advance mandates are viewed as an approach to ensure one's lawful rights for refusal of treatment. Yet, are advance mandates compelling in accomplishing the point expected? There is proof both on the Internet, on the off chance that review books and magazines to demonstrate that advance orders alone miss the mark regarding their target. In not very many cases advanced orders have any impact over choices to pull back or retain life dragging out treatment. The insights in ongoing investigations request our consideration and make us center around the strain and contradiction that exists among doctors and their patients. The populace plainly looks for more power over both their future clinical consideration and furthermore the technique, timing, and spot of their demise. However, on the off chance that one were to truly contemplate the exposed measurements, the person would find that doctors frequently don't permit persistent control. How demoralizing for a patient to expect that the specialist can't be confided in a matter of such significance. Apparently numerous specialists, attendants, particularly estate overseers, have no regard for their patients' de sires. Attendants as patient advocates have an obligation to ensure patients' desires are regarded; it is nursing's job to bring up educated issues and even protests if a patient's treatment abuses the patient's desires. Without demanding mediations to improve the circumstance, a huge exertion will be advanced to build up something that essentially doesn't work. Assessments of the explanations behind the inability to actualize a patient's development order would show a significant sensational catch of eye. At the point when families negate the patients wishes, doctors think about their perspectives giving them massive weight. All things considered, who does the doctor need to reply to? The living, obviously. This is the reason when the family can't help contradicting the development mandate, the family's choices as a rule win out. Managing passing and enduring regularly doesn't make it simple for clinical experts to settle on choices about evacuating life support. Most put forth an attempt to be as impartial as conceivable about such circumstances with the goal that families can settle on educated choices. Another factor for the inability to follow a development mandate was the treating doctor's refusal. One purpose behind the doctor's refusal might be hesitance to recognize expanding tolerant self-rule. All things considered, the clinical choice skyline looks significantly unexpected today in comparison to it did only a couple of years prior. Deciphering advance orders can be risky now and again, as when data is lacking, or when an exacting perusing of the archive doesn't appear to bode well. For instance, the development order may recommend one course of care, while the doctor as well as family accept the patient would in certainty have needed something different. No development mandate can envision each circumstance that might emerge. Crisis conditions can be another hindrance to the usage of advance orders. The crisis room doctor treating a mishap casualty isn't generally in a

How to Create and Manage your Blogs Content Roadmap

How to Create and Manage your Blogs Content Roadmap A content roadmap can a useful tool for both new bloggers and established ones. The roadmap will help the blogger strategize their long term plans for the blog and create posts that work towards this ultimate strategy or goal in a systematic and organized manner. © Shutterstock.com | new7ducksIn this article, we will look at 1) what is a content roadmap, 2) why create a content roadmap and 3) how to create a content roadmap.WHAT IS A CONTENT ROADMAPA content strategy helps create material that delivers a consistent message and meets the expectations an audience has from a blogger. A content roadmap should include both the strategy and the game plan for content production and publication. This can be for any period but a good time-frame to start with is three months. A reader is interested in engaging stories that a blogger shares and wishes to be a part of the story by interacting with them. A roadmap will help a blogger better achieve this.One key benefit of a roadmap is that it will take much of the guesswork out of blogging and the generation of leads. The other is that it allows the blogger to work towards specific goals.A content roadmap should have the following elements:Substance â€" What content is needed by the blogger and their aud ience and why?Structure â€" How is this content to be organized, prioritized and accessed?Workflow â€" How will this content be actually created and maintained?Governance â€" How will the decisions about content and content strategy be made?WHY CREATE A CONTENT ROADMAP?Julie R Neidlinger blogs at Lone Prairie  and is a writer, artist and pilot from North Dakota, USA. She makes the case for how a content roadmap helps you get more done for your blog. Often, people feel that unplanned content is more fresh and spontaneous. Though blogging is often random and sporadic in the beginning, a strong case can be made for a roadmap as reader base and expectations grow.Benefits of Creating a Blog RoadmapAccording to Neilinger, a roadmap does the following positive things for your blogging.Using your Inspiration in Better Ways At the moment inspiration hits, a blogger can get lots of great things done. But inspiration is not a regular event. It can come at any time and with planning, you can m ake sustained use of one burst of inspiration. When inspiration hits, it is a good opportunity to plan a series of posts rather than just one. A good way to do this to write down quick notes and ideas for several posts that include things like headlines, post ideas, content themes, series or even e-book titles.Using your Time to Perfect Posts If posts are planned in advance, it gives you adequate time to rework, refine and fine tune the post. According to Think Better by Tim Hurson, humans work in thirds. This means that the first try at something is a crude one, the second gets better and the third is where the actual gem lies. Many blog posts are within the first part and are rough and unrefined initial ideas. Given time a blogger can reach the third stage and eliminate lazy writing mistakes, proofread and edit.Eliminating Rants and Regrets In spontaneous blogging situations, there are often instances where a blogger is irritated or annoyed and turns this into a rant on a blog. This moment of annoyance can turn to regret later if the rant gets you into any sort of trouble. This could be as basic as a post not aligning with your regular material or angering a potential partner or advertiser. A planned post calendar will mean that the post will have a few days to sit and be considered and you will have the chance to take it off the roster.Having Opportunity for Research With a plan in place, you will know in advance what has to be written and what research is needed to make the post a robust one. The post ideas stay in your head and any relevant material on the internet or your daily routine can turn into more ideas for the post.Using Organized Ideas A well-organized roadmap will mean that you can find the right ideas when you need them and use them as such. A good tool or system will mean that ideas are noted appropriately and available when needed.A planned approach to blogging is simply knowing what will be written and when. The roadmap can be as basic as headlines and basic notes or as detailed as outlines, research links and leads. Planning ahead helps ensure that there is regular content being published on the blog and you are less likely to be affected with writer’s block or a lack of ideas.HOW TO CREATE A CONTENT ROADMAPThere are many ways to get organized and create a content roadmap for your blog. Some important steps to keep in mind are discussed below.Step 1: Decide how Often to BlogThe first step to creating a blog content roadmap is to decide how often you can and want to blog. At this stage, it is important to consider your schedule realistically and set the right target. It is always better to post new articles regularly and consistently. In the beginning, this can be as less often as two posts a month and later on, it can be as often as one post a day. This regularity is preferred to erratic posting where a blogger may post a series of articles and the go silent for a few months. This behavior leads to lost readers . Successful blogs are not marked by the number of posts in a month but by the consistency with which posts appear.Step 2: Identify Blog Audience Bloggers begin by posting to a limited audience and write about what interests them. But the audience grows, it becomes necessary to filter the content to make it more relevant and interesting for this audience. Blogging for customers means writing for existing readers as well as for the readers that a blogger wants to have. Two questions to ask when identifying the audience you want to blog to:Who is currently reading the blog?Who do you as a blogger enjoy interacting with the most?Step 3: Identify Blog Categories In early stages of the blog, categories may be formed based on the posts that have been written already. This means a variety of categories which may or may not be complimentary or properly assigned. When the readership for a blog grows, and a content roadmap is to be created, it is a good idea to revisit the goals of the blog a nd decide categories to create posts within. These categories should be based on what your audience likes and is in keeping with the blog itself. You can begin by brainstorming between 5 to 10 categories that get the most likes, comments or shares when articles relating to them are posted. Categories can be broad and not necessarily closely linked, but they all need to be of interest to your readers.Step 4: Brainstorm Blog Post IdeasOnce the categories are decided, it is now time to think of potential post ideas within each category. Initially, the best idea is to come up with at least 10 ideas within each category. Instead of letting this activity linger on, it may be necessary to set a timer on it like most brainstorming activities. Sit with a notepad and pen and start writing whatever comes to mind. If you blog is based on food for example, you could list 10 recipe ideas for each category such as sweet, savory, breakfast, table décor ideas, etc.At this point, there don’t need to be too many details in the blog ideas, but you can add any that pop up. Blog posts themselves do not all need to be long and detailed but can be based on photos or a small video. Ideas can pop up any time, so it is a good idea to have a system in place to record these and log them into the content roadmap.Step 5: Keep an Eye on Holidays, Special Events TrendsWithin your categories, determine events and potential trends of interest as well as holidays and how they relate specifically to what you do. Make sure to note any collaborations, craft or trade shows or other events that may be on the horizon and work them into the roadmap. Trends are harder to plan for, but you can build enough leverage in your plan to accommodate any extra posts on current trends or a new concept.Step 6: Make an Editorial Blog Calendar Using any tool, whether online, on your desktop or an actual calendar and start entering your roadmap. You can begin with special events that occur at specific times and t heir related posts, move on to holidays and eventually your other post ideas. The categories should be mixed up so that all of them get highlighted and the blog stays engaging and interesting. Many bloggers will schedule posts as early as two or three months in advance, allowing themselves time to work on the structure and content of the blog posts and adjust as needed. To begin with, a good idea is to schedule at least a month of posts in advance.Step 7: Begin Writing PostsAll this planning becomes useless if the content roadmap is not followed regularly and without any gaps. Most blogging platforms will allow for posts to be scheduled in advance and these will be published on the specified dates.Step 8: Keep Reviewing and Updating the RoadmapReviews and update ensure that your roadmap remains relevant and on track. This does not mean that the schedule can be changed if you have failed to follow the calendar or if you do not feel like writing a specific set of posts.Step 9: Measure A key to staying relevant with your audience is to keep measuring the impact of posts created as a result of your roadmap. This will help you understand what works and what doesn’t and consequently help you prioritize the things you need to be working on. There are many tools that are free to use and can help measure this impact. Some of these are:Google Analytics â€" Helps track visitors and their actions as well as to set goals and track campaigns.Social Mention and Topsy â€" Help identify what people are saying on social media about your website.TOOLS AND TIPS TO SUPPORT ROADMAPSCreating and managing the content roadmap is often a daunting task and time intensive as well. In addition to the actual writing and design of the each blog post, there is the planning and research that needs to go into them. Some tools and tips from experienced professionals can help you manage all this work.Google Docs or Evernote for Brainstorming: Kelsey Jones, Managing Editor at Search Engine Journ al, uses google documents and Evernote for her personal clients and content ideas. These are used for brainstorming and keeping track of any ideas and tasks.Mention for Tracking Topics: Selena Narayanasamy, Digital Strategy SEO Consultant, uses several tools including Mention to track specific topics and phrases. She then suggests using Zapier to pull that into organized Evernote notes. These can then be reviewed and broken into categories.Coschedule: She also mentions Coschedule for tying content planning in with social editorial calendar.Compile Best Content Ideas: Angelica Valentine, Content Marketing Manager at  Wiser suggests compiling the best ideas once a month. These can then be prioritized and used to plan for future posts.Spreadsheets for Tracking Target Audience and Keywords: Andrew Dennis, Content Specialist at PageOnePower suggest the use of spreadsheets to maintain editorial calendars for effective content planning. Along with paid options, Google Docs is a good free tool. The spreadsheet can act as a weekly calendar with rows representing days of the week and columns addressing aspects of content such as target audience, target keywords etc.A printable blog planner can be found here to get you started.

Analysis of wind energy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1649 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Energy Industry Essay Level High school Tags: Wind Energy Essay Did you like this example? The advancement in technology which led to industrialization over the last century has resulted in geometric increase in population. Breakthrough in the field of medicine and other technologies subsequently improved fertility, rise in life expectancy and rise in standard of living. The baby boom era saw an unprecedented rise in population from 2.1 billion to over 6.5 billion and the population is expected to rise to about 9 billion people by year 2050 (United nations,2006). This increase in population has led to increase in demand for energy. This has resulted in the burning of more fossil fuels which has raised lots of concerns. The first concern being the question of sustainability due to fossil fuel being non-renewable and the second being the issue of global warming. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis of wind energy" essay for you Create order With population set to be on the rise, demand for electricity and other energy sources is bound to increase, more cars begin to ply our roads as more people need to move from one place to the other. These means the rate at which we consume fossil fuel increases as well. This increases the fear of running out of fossil fuel someday questions the sustainability of fossil fuel. The bye products of combusting fossil fuel has also been having derogatory effects on our environment. The release of Carbon monoxide into the atmosphere has contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases. This has resulted in an increase in the average temperature of the earth surface and subsequently contributed to the climate change we are experiencing. Renewable energy sources has been identified as the solution to these problems. Renewable energy sources include solar energy, wind energy, biomass, geothermal energy, hydroelectric power among others. All these sources are renewable and at no risk of running out. Also, unlike fossil fuel, they are environmentally friendly as they contribute little or nothing to the greenhouse gases. According to the U.S. Energy Information and Administration, Renewable energy accounted for 12.7 percent of the total primary energy production in 2017. About 77.6 percent came from fossil fuel (2018). However, renewable energies have various limitations which affects their contribution to energy production. Among these limitations are technological limitations, economic limitations and environmental limitations. In this paper, the limitations of Wind energy will be discussed and probable solutions will be proposed. WIND ENERGY Wind energy is the kinetic energy due to airflow. This airflow is a result of the uneven heating of the earths surface by the sun. The difference in the rate causes the movement of air, as the hot air rises and the cold air goes opposite way in other to reach an equilibrium. The energy in the wind is harnessed by using a Wind Turbine which captures the kinetic energy in the wind. The kinetic energy in the wind causes the blades of the turbine to rotate here by creating a mechanical energy which turns a shaft connected to a gear box. Depending on the gearbox configuration, the speed of rotation of the shaft is multiplied by a factor of 100 or more which in turn drives a generator that produces electricity. Since the Energy crises in 1973, Wind energy has been identified as one of the economically viable renewable energy. Countries like Denmark, Sweden, China, and USA among others have invested heavily in the technology that converts wind energy to electrical energy. This has reduced the cost of per Kw hour of electricity generated by wind by about 80%. However, electricity from wind energy is still more costly than energy generated by fossil fuel. This is due to the high cost of setting up a wind farm as well as running cost. Wind turbines have potential for high efficiency , low operating costs , zero carbon dioxide emission and it only takes the wind turbine about 25 percent of its age to break even and produce the energy that goes into producing, operating and recycling the it (Rose mary P.J, 2014). There are a few things that can be done to reduce the cost of per KW of electricity generated from wind energy. We can improve the technology to produce more electricity at the same cost or reduced cost by trying to eliminate exergy destruction in the system. We can also make policies that help to reduce the running cost of wind turbines. Policies such as reduced tax and incentives for investing in wind turbines. ECONOMICS OF WIND ENERGY The cost of wind energy per KW hour depends on lots of factors ranging from wind speed, location, type of wind turbine. A study done by Raghed showed that the cost of electricity generated in wind power mainly depends on capital and investment cost, operation and maintenance cost and fuel cost. A closer look into the cost of electricity per KW hour in wind energy shows that the cost depends on other things such as the economic depreciation of the capital equipment, interest paid on initial loans, taxes, government incentives and tax credits, electricity bills while on standby, wind speed among others (Ragheb, 2017). This factors vary from location to location. The cost of leasing land for wind farms in the Middle West is less than the cost of leasing the same land mass in the north east coast or in southern states like Texas or California. However the wind speed is more favorable in the Midwestern states than the North east coast and the aforementioned southern states. Other factors that contribute to the cost of wind energy per KW hour is the type of turbine. Different turbines have different efficiencies at different wind speeds. The height of the hub and the diameter of the wind turbines also play a key role in the output of the wind turbine (Rose, 2014). Due to all these factors, it is difficult to specifically pinpoint a particular cost for wind energy as these factors vary from one location to another but one fact that has been ascertained is that the cost of electricity generated per KW hour from wind energy is more than that generated from fossil fuels hereby making it less competitive in the market. However, there are various policies that has been implemented to offset some of these costs, hence making wind energy more profitable for investors. Federal policies like the Production Tax Credit (PTC), Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI), and Modified Accelerated Cost-Recovery System (MACRS) among others have been initiated over the years. This has resulted in increase in the installed capacity of the wind power. It was recorded that the installed capacity grew by about 35% in 2005 when the PTC was reinstated after the PTC expired in 2004 (Ragheb, 2017). The policies discussed above has encouraged investors to invest in renewable energy but there has not really being a federal move to reduce dependency on cheaper fossil fuel. Elisabeth Rosenthal in an article for the New York Times in 2010 wrote that If the United States is to catch up to countries like Portugal, the United States must overcome obstacles like a fragmented, outdated energy grid poorly suited to renewable en ergy, a historic reliance on plentiful and cheap supplies of fossil fuels, especially coal, powerful oil and coal industries that often oppose incentives for renewable development and an energy policy that is influenced by individual states. The federal government must improve the energy grids to be more renewable energy friendly to reduce the cost of transporting the energy. The federal government should also reduce the incentives on electricity from fossil fuel and allocate more of the funds to renewable energy. EXERGY ANALYSIS OF WIND TURBINE Exergy is the useful energy in a system. It is the energy available for useful work. It can be referred to as the dollars in a generating plant as it is the energy available for sale. Although the wind power energy has been ascertained to have high efficiency potentials, the wind turbine can only harvest a small portion of the kinetic energy in the wind. To increase the quantity of energy resources harvested from the wind, a set of turbines which forms a wind farm are strategically located on a field. The set of turbines are connected to a grid to transport the energy to distribution centers. The performance of the wind farm depends on wind speed, wake effects which depends on the spacing between the turbines as well as the topography of the field. In other to maximize the efficiency of the wind farm hereby optimizing power production, the turbines must be positioned at a distance from each other. This distance must be sufficient for the wake effects to diminish and the wind to recov er from the energy harvested from it by the turbine ahead of it (Hui, 2015). For individual wind turbines, the exergy efficiency is a measure of how well the stream exergy of the wind is converted into useful turbine work output which is converted to electricity or used to do work. (ozgener and ozgener, 2006, Reynaga et al, 2017). The input exergy of a wind turbine is dependent on the mass of air causing the blades to rotate. Exergy depends on the dead state and the only difference between the wind at a point and dead state is the velocity it possesses when it is not in dead state. This velocity gives it its kinetic energy which can be converted to useful work by the wind turbine. Irrespective of the temperature and pressure, the energy input of the wind turbine is dependent on the velocity of the wind (Ozgener and Ozgener, 2006). The maximum amount of power available to the wind turbine is equal to the product of the mass flow rate of the air and the specific exergy of the air. The output exergy is equal to the exergy available at the inverter. The exergy de struction is the difference between the output exergy and the input exergy. Sources of exergy destruction in the wind turbine includes heat, friction and noise. And these losses occur during the mechanical (shaft speed multiplication and braking) and electrical (generators) activities of the wind turbine.

The Management and Control of Quality 8e - 34169 Words

http://www.helpyoustudy.info CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS 1. In the early Twentieth century, the artificial separation of production workers from responsibility for quality assurance led to an increased focus on quality among both workers and their managers. Answer: F AACSB: Analytic Skills The measure of efficiency defined as the amount of output achieved per unit of input is referred to as productivity. Answer: T AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills Management control refers to any planned and systematic activity directed toward providing consumers with products of appropriate quality, along with the confidence that products meet consumers’ requirements. Answer: F AACSB: Analytic Skills The transcendent†¦show more content†¦d. global quality time and motion guidelines standards; workforce orientation and commitment. Answer: a AACSB: Analytic Skills 2. Page 3 of 26 http://www.helpyoustudy.info http://www.helpyoustudy.info 3. A key contribution of Frederick Taylor’s scientific management philosophy was to: a. reduce the reliance on inspectors for quality assurance. b. increase the training and education workers received. c. separate the planning function from the execution function. d. combine individual work tasks to promote teamwork. Answer: c AACSB: Analytic Skills 4. The change in society’s attitude from â€Å"let the buyer beware† to â€Å"let the producer beware† was fuelled by all the following factors EXCEPT: a. government safety regulations. b. product recalls. c. popularity of TQM as a quality tool. d. the rapid increase in product-liability judgments. Answer: c AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills Which of the following is most appropriate in describing the quality efforts undertaken with the scientific management philosophy? a. Defect prevention was emphasized. b. Quality circles were extensively used. c. Use of inspection was wide-spread. d. Quality was every worker’s responsibility. 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His PhD degree was awarded by Georgia State University. Dr. Edmonds’sRead MoreToward an Integrative Model of Strategic International Human Resource Management2780 Words   |  12 PagesO Academy of Management Review 1996, Vol. 21, No, 4, 959-385. TOWARD AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF STRATEGIC INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SULLY TAYLOR Portland State University SCHON BEECHLER Columbia University NANCY NAPIER Boise State University This article builds on previous work in intemational human resource management by drawing on concepts from the resource-based view of the firm and resource dependence to develop a theoretical model of the determinants of strategic intemational

Cultural Dimensions In Advertising Free Essays

SCHOOL OF COMMUNICATION CMNS 323-4 (W)* (D100) Instructor:Brad KingSpring Semester 2012 Email: bka10@sfu. ca Burnaby Day Twitter: @btcking ————————————————- CULTURAL DIMENSIONS IN ADVERTISING Prerequisites: 60 units, including two of CMNS 220, 221, 223 or 226. CMNS 362 or 363 is strongly recommended. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Dimensions In Advertising or any similar topic only for you Order Now Overview: Advertising is everywhere in contemporary society. From television and the Internet, to newspapers and magazines, people are exposed to thousands of advertising ‘impressions’ every day. Beyond individual ads, media convergence, and the quest for ‘synergies’, has increasingly transformed all forms of culture into tools of marketing and promotion. What are the social, cultural, and political implications of these developments? How does advertising and ‘promotional culture’ affect the society in which we live, our value structures, belief systems, and our ideas about what constitutes ‘the good life’? Our primary objective is to critically explore contemporary advertising, as it connects to larger questions of society and culture. Our focus will NOT be on the ‘nuts and bolts’ of the advertising industry, nor will the course teach you how to create advertising campaigns, or how to design marketing strategies. Instead, we will draw upon different critical theories and empirical research methods, as a means of reflecting upon the broader social and cultural dimensions of advertising. We begin with a discussion of the relationship between advertising, promotional culture, and a social, economic, and cultural environment dominated by commodification. We then examine some of the dominant characteristics of post-modern advertising and promotional culture, using case studies of the representation of capitalism and the emerging phenomena of ‘green marketing’. In the latter half of the course, we broaden our focus beyond advertising texts to consider themes such as the marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical drugs, the commercialization of children’s culture, globalization, political advertising, consumer research and new media. _________________ This is a writing-intensive course. Students who began their degrees in Fall 2006 onwards must successfully complete at least two (W) courses, at least one of which must be upper division, preferably within the student’s discipline. It is strongly recommended that students take one (W) course as early as possible, preferably in their first 30 credits hours. Students are required to complete their first (W) course within their first 60 credit hours. †¦. over C ourse Format: The course is organized around a series of weekly themes that will be explored in lectures, readings and tutorial discussion. While there will be some overlap between the lectures, readings and tutorials, there will also be important material that is only covered in one or the other. In other words, you are expected to do the readings, attend the lectures and the tutorials to cover all the material that you will be tested upon and which you will have to draw upon in your research projects. Given that the course is writing-intensive, substantial tutorial time will be devoted to exercises and discussion designed to improve the writing skills of students. Participation in these exercises is a mandatory component of the course, thus students should be prepared to attend all tutorial meetings. The course is organized around a series of weekly themes that will be explored in lectures, readings and tutorial discussions. Required Readings: All course texts will be available on the course wiki. Grading: Grading is subject to confirmation in class. This is a tentative outline and subject to change. Creative Ad Project30% Final Paper55% Tutorial Participation15% The school expects that the grades awarded in this course will bear some reasonable relation to established university-wide practices with respect to both levels and distribution of grades. In addition, The School will follow Policy S10. 01 with respect to Academic Integrity, and Policies S10. 02, S10. 03 and S10. 04 as regards Student Discipline (note: as of May 1, 2009 the previous T10 series of policies covering Intellectual Honesty (T10. 02) and Academic Discipline (T10. 03) have been replaced with the new S10 series of policies). How to cite Cultural Dimensions In Advertising, Essay examples

Use of Antibiotics in Preventing Recurrent Acute for Effusion

Question: Write about theUse of Antibiotics in Preventing Recurrent Acute for Effusion. Answer: Introduction There is an extensive but controversial medical literature on medical resources needed to address problems related to otitis media. Recently, use of certain antibiotics in children suffering from otitis media has raised concerns from different quarters. Acute otitis media (AOM) can be addressed by use of antibiotics or surgical treatment; in which either treatment has certain benefits and demerits, warranting extensive debates and consultations before settling for one. For those who propose recurrent antibiotic treatment of recurrent AOM, the choice, timing and the period of antibiotic prophylaxis are to be resolved. There is uncertainty for otitis media effusion (OME) as to whether antibiotic offer placebo advantage (Rovers, Schilder, and Zielhuis, 2004 p. 22). The research is aimed at addressing these concerns hence the need for meta-analyses of antibiotics role in porphyries of recurrent AOM and OME treatment. Research questions that need to be satisfied include; 1. What is the magnitude of the effect of treatment of prophylactic a suppression of antibiotic of recurrent AOM? 2. what effect exists, if the details of using an antibiotic choice of timing, duration, and timing offer the highest beneficial effect. 3. What is a short-term magnitude of treatment effect if any, of OME resolution with antibiotic, 4. If OME effect exists in the short term. If there are long-term benefits. 5. If there is a presence of treatment effect with OME, what are the antibiotics optimal use, 6? Does the treatment vary for either condition by the characteristic of the patient that is known as the rates influencers of AOM such as group setting, age, socioeconomic status, and season of the year (Jacobs, Springer, and Crothers, 2001 p. 166)? Goals for Patients with Recurrent Otitis Media The main goals during treatment of recurrent otitis media include preventing of faster progression of infectious, addressing AOM complication, preventing hearing prevention deficits and promoting language development. The antibiotic studies use of either treatment of OME or prophylaxis of recruitment AOM were identified by MEDLINE during a 1996 search using refined searching that was linked with the otitis media phase. With one of the following terms; prospective, clinical trials, random models, placebo, statistical, placebos, the articles that were identified to help study more about the problems (Harrison, Tyler, Smith, and Findlay, 2004. P.45); the results confirmed that goals of treatment are as discussed herein. Methods Monographs, textbooks and current contents were searched. Use of randomly published controlled trials of the use of antibiotics in the AOM recurrent or OME was selected. The estimated effects of the submission and publication of studies with the findings that are null by the standard approach. The inclusion articles meeting criteria were obliged to conceal the source of authors, study location, publication and medication use. The results and methods sections were viewed independently, reviewed by reviewers who rated every article for ideal adherence characterized by a randomized controlled trial using a rating form that was standard (Hunink, Weinstein, Wittenberg etl 2014. P. 674). The reviewers also used an additional scoring sheet to rate the potential of the assessed report of confounding factors such age, race, status, duration, socioeconomic factors, disease, the previous therapy used for otitis media and the first episode of otitis media. Differences between reviewers accurate rating on specific items got solutions by the third blinded reviewer. The evaluation summary scores were rated. Articles that were selected were used for four meta-analyses separately. For sufficient outcome reports were used for more than analysis and the authors provided presented more data for more than one outcome. Meta-analyses addressed the use of antibiotics in the prophylaxis of recurrent AOM. Examining the episode frequency of meta-analyses. These go into the data present the number of patients per month. The outcome of treatment of OME was reported in this period; the outcome used the closest to a month after treatment. The patients in this group were in the unit of analysis. Free effusion for the patient to consider benefited treatment. The report that was similar with an exception the unit of outcome in the articles was cleared. A more conservative measure of the outcome the patient. The patient is one of the meta-analysis. Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis method DerSimonian analyses were used as well as Laird to calculate the differences in rates of treatment approximation and the effect at 95% confidence interval (Kemper, and Cohen, 2004.p 55). The random effect the random effect did not ensure homogeneity of the study population and incorporated different variability into the estimates. The effect summary statistics of effect using the approach is measured by terms of error within every study as the results are shown. Finding The findings of the meta-analysis offer support that is mixed for the use of antibiotics in the prophylaxis or treatment of OME and the recurrent AOM. Prophylaxis treatment works best for children with AOM intermittent with regards to prevention of AOM. The effect was limited by treatment requirement in which it showed ten children desirable treatment outcomes (Tan, Brainard, and Larkin, 2015 p. 455). However, the small RD is necessary to stand out given the nature of antitoxic and attraction risk (surgical treatment) There is lack of sufficient indication to recommend a particular antibiotic, although using sulfisoxazole seems to have better treatment outcomes compared with other antibiotics. The insufficient evidence fails to provide a recommendation on the treatment duration or the effect of the recurrence rates of AOM before therapy. For the case of OME, the antibiotics appear to be useful in a short course or short-term effusion clearance. With regard as to whether one considers it being the outcome of treatment. The effect is limited; however other patients need to be treated to improve the result in one of them and relatively short duration. In in a month or more after completion of treatment, there is no statistical improvement in comparison with control. Prevention of delays in language development is the major goal of OME treatment as well as general realization of developmental milestones that may be delayed by hearing deficits. Lack of effectiveness in treatment, in the long term, leads to questioning the value of antibiotic treatment with regards to its administration to achieve its goals. Language is not acquired in the short term interval. If there is persistence in the antibiotic treatment for a short duration, the goal may not be achieved. Additionally, recent studies conducted with placebo control tend to indicate lesser short-term antibiotic benefits. With meta-analysis, the findings reported herein rely on the concluded studies in the analysis. Two of the analyses suggest that those of the current otitis media and of OME with the outcome of measure involving the use of data that are not entirely independent. The results of the research could come more than once in one child since raw data was not available. However, since raw data was not available to address the question, and since methodology was not approached statistically through meta-analysis, type two errors were not excluded properly. Very few studies consider a few of the many potential factors that were confounded in the survey design. These analyses were also unable to address the question about how the characteristics of the patient influenced the effect of treatment. The lack of methodological rigor in the study included as indicated by the low-quality scores were considered as findings limitation. The study quality, however, shows that over and above assignment of patients randomly to treatment to be as considered findings limitation. The correction of the survey on the quality over and above the treatment of patients to be compared. Quantitative review The pooled showed findings an RD favoring the treatment of the antibiotic of 0.11 OAM episodes patient month (CI, 0.03 to 0.19 95%) the control in the group was 0.19. The pooled findings showed an RD favoring treatment of 0.11 events. The control rate groups were 0.19 (CI, 0.13 TO 0.26 95%). Three studies with 121 subjects in a total used crossover design. Excluding the crossover of the studies produced no change. Studies that used sulfisoxazole had a trend a better outcome (RD, 0.20;95%) (Young, Peppard, and Gottlieb, 2002.p 1218) OME Treatment, long tern common effects. The meta-analysis 4. In the meta-analysis, eight students were included 0f short-term to long-term outcome of the treatment of OME with antibiotics. Five studies had the results of favoring the treatment of antibiotic and three studies supported placebo, and two showed a small difference or no difference at all. One had CIs that zero was inclusive. In a pooled analysis it was found that little evidence for long-term or average benefit from antibiotic from antibiotic treatment of OME. When there was a division of studies by the use of ear or the patient as the outcome the results remained the same. With the patient the RD was o. o1 (95% CI, 0.06-0.08); with the ear was 0.12 (95% CI, 0.14 TO 0.26). Elimination on the study using the antibiotic of efficiency that is questionable (penicillin) did not affect the findings. Likewise, the division of the studies by the treatment duration. Summary and Recommendations Gens tends to produce treatment effects than the other antibiotics better; the statistical differences are not significant. Regarding the term of the therapy, no trend is the apparent or preexisting disease. These are with reason that the primary goal of OME treatment is preventing language or developmental delays due to the deficit of earing. The lack of long-term effectiveness results to one questioning the value of antibiotic treatment as it is currently administered in achieving this goal (Schneeweiss, 2007, p.144). In the short interval of time language is not acquired. If there is the persistence of antibiotic treatment for a short period only the goal my not achieved. Additionally, more recent studies and the studies conducted with controls placebo tended to show secondary benefits in short-term of the antibiotics. With any meta-analysis, the reported findings herein show on the studies in the analysis that was concluded. Three of the meta-analyses of those otitis media and OME that was recurrent with the ear as the measure of the outcome. The involvement of the use of the data that are not independent fully. The outcome under study occurred more than once in the same child. Since the used data was raw from the studies were unavailable, the statistical correction could not be appropriate and cloud not be the correction for this unknown dependency level (Thomas, and Witte, 2002, p. 510). The approach used is conservative in the correction for dependence would have resulted to narrow CIs. As the studies disagree on the duration of treatment, its possible that combining the results from all the studies may affect the difference between the results response curves at distinct points in time. However, since there was no raw data in the study to address the question and methodology did not exist to give the correction; as such straight-line was selected in response curves. Finally, there is currently no approach that is standard to calculating power for statistics summary obtainable through meta-analysis leading to exclusion of type II possibility in some of the null comparisons (Roberts, Rosenfeld, and Zeisel, 2004, p.240). The study design factors were very few that produces low scores. The limitation of the findings correction of the quality study over and above assignment is randomly given to patients to the treatment that is compared has not altered the results. When it has been done in the different meta-analysis and found no correlation between observed RD and qual ity (Welcome Trust Case Control Consortium, 2007 p. 663). Conclusion Antibiotics appear to have limited effect in treatment of OME but beneficial in treatment of recurrent otitis media and resolution of OME in the short run. OME long-term benefits have not been identified clearly. Most studies seem to be failing to consider their potential to produce usable recommendations. This has contributed to the inability to determine groups of patients that are most likely to benefit. There is uncertainty whether antibiotic treatment for otitis media with OME effusion offer any benefit over placebo. The meta-analysis in prophylaxis antibiotics of recurrent AOM and OME treatment attests to that. References Rovers, M.M., Schilder, A.G.,and Zielhuis, G.A. 2004. Otitis media.The Lancet,363(9407), pp.465-473. Klein, J.O., 2000. The burden of otitis media.Vaccine,19, pp.S2-S8. Jacobs, J., Springer, D.A. and Crothers, D., 2001. Homeopathic treatment of acute otitis media in children: a preliminary randomized placebo-controlled trial.The Pediatric infectious disease journal,20(2), pp.177-183. Block, S.L., Hedrick, J., Harrison, C.J., Tyler, R., Smith, A., Findlay, R. and Keegan, E., 2004. Community-wide vaccination with the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate significantly alters the microbiology of acute otitis media.The Pediatric infectious disease journal,23(9), pp.829-833. Lieberthal, A.S., Carroll, A.E., Chonmaitree, T., Ganiats, T.G., Hoberman, A., Jackson, M.A., Joffe, M.D., Miller, D.T., Rosenfeld, R.M., Sevilla, X.D. and Schwartz, R.H., 2013. The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media.Pediatrics,131(3), pp.e964-e999. Hunink, M.M., Weinstein, M.C., Wittenberg, E., Drummond, M.F., Pliskin, J.S., Wong, J.B. and Glasziou, P.P., 2014.Decision making in health and medicine: integrating evidence and values. Cambridge University Press. Degenhardt, B.F. and Kuchera, M.L., 2006. Osteopathic evaluation and manipulative treatment in reducing the morbidity of otitis media: a pilot study.The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association,106(6), pp.327-334. Tan, E., Brainard, A. and Larkin, G.L., 2015. Acceptability of the flipped classroom approach for in?house teaching in emergency medicine.Emergency Medicine Australasia,27(5), pp.453-459. Kemper, K.J. and Cohen, M., 2004. Ethics meet complementary and alternative medicine: new light on old principles. Laxminarayan, R., Duse, A., Wattal, C., Zaidi, A.K., Wertheim, H.F., Sumpradit, N., Vlieghe, E., Hara, G.L., Gould, I.M., Goossens, H. and Greko, C., 2013. Antibiotic resistancethe need for global solutions.The Lancet infectious diseases,13(12), pp.1057-1098. Marchisio, P., Nazzari, E., Torretta, S., Esposito, S. and Principi, N., 2014. Medical prevention of recurrent acute otitis media: an updated overview.Expert review of anti-infective therapy,12(5), pp.611-620. Roberts, J.E., Rosenfeld, R.M. and Zeisel, S.A., 2004. Otitis media and speech and language: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.Pediatrics,113(3), pp.e238-e248. Thomas, D.C. and Witte, J.S., 2002. Point: population stratification: a problem for case-control studies of candidate-gene associations?Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers,11(6), pp.505-512. Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, 2007. Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls.Nature,447(7145), p.661. Schneeweiss, S., 2007. Developments in post?marketing comparative effectiveness research.Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics,82(2), pp.143-156. Young, T., Peppard, P.E. and Gottlieb, D.J., 2002. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,165(9), pp.1217-1239.